MAGHALAYA
CAPITAL-SHILLONG
LIST OF CHEIF MINISTERS OF MAGHALAYA
| # | NAME | TOOK OFFICE | LEFT OFFICE | PARTY |
|---|---|---|---|---|
01 | W.A. Sangma | 02 April 1970 | 21 July 1972 | APHLC |
02 | W.A. Sangma | 21 July 1972 | 18 March 1972 | APHLC |
03 | W.A. Sangma | 18 March 1972 | 22 November 1976 | APHLC |
04 | W.A. Sangma | 22 November 1976 | 03 March 1978 | India National Congress |
05 | D.D. Pugh | 10 March 1978 | 21 February 1979 | APHLC |
06 | D.D. Pugh | 21 February 1979 | 06 May 1979 | APHLC |
| 07 | B.B. Lyngdoh | 07 May 1979 | 07 May 1981 | APHLC |
| 08 | W.A. Sangma | 07 May 1981 | 24 February 1983 | India National Congress |
| 09 | B.B. Lyngdoh | 02 March 1983 | 31 March 1983 | HUP |
| 10 | W.A. Sangma | 02 April 1983 | 05 February 1988 | India National Congress |
| 11 | P.A. Sangma | 06 February 1988 | 25 March 1990 | India National Congress |
| 12 | B.B. Lyngdoh | 26 March 1990 | 10 October 1991 | HUP |
| President's Rule | 11 October 1991 | 05 February 1992 | ||
| 13 | D.D.Lapang | 05 February 1992 | 19 February 1993 | India National Congress |
| 14 | S.C. Marak | 19 February 1993 | 27 February 1998 | India National Congress |
| 15 | S.C. Marak | 27 February 1998 | 10 March 1998 | India National Congress |
| 16 | B.B. Lyngdoh | 10 March 1998 | 08 March 2000 | UDP |
| 17 | E.K. Mawlong | 08 March 2000 | 08 December 2001 | UDP |
| 18 | Dr.F.A. Khonglam | 08 December 2001 | 04 March 2003 | UDP |
| 19 | D.D.Lapang | 04 March 2003 | 15 June 2006 | India National Congress |
| 20 | J.D. Rymbai | 15 June 2006 | 10 March 2007 | India National Congress |
| 21 | D.D.Lapang | 10 March 2007 | 04 March 2008 | India National Congress |
| 22 | D.D.Lapang | 04 March 2008 | 19 March 2008 | India National Congress |
| 23 | Donkupar Roy | 19 March 2008 | 18 March 2009 | UDP |
| President's Rule | 18 March 2009 | 12 May 2009 | ||
| 24 | D.D.Lapang | 13 May 2009 | 19 April 2010 | India National Congress |
| 25 | Mukul Sangma | 20 April 2010 | Incumbent | India National Congress |
ELECTED POLITICAL OFFICIALS OF MAGHALAYA
Lok Sabha members of Maghalaya
| # | CONSTITUENCY | NAME OF MEMBERS | PARTY |
|---|---|---|---|
01 | Shillong(ST) | Pala, Shri Vincent H | INC |
02 | Tura(ST) | Sangma, Kum. Agatha K. | NCP |
Rajya Sabha Members of Maghalaya
| S.NO. | NAME OF MEMBER | PARTY |
|---|---|---|
01 | Robert Kharshiing | Nationalist Congress Party |
OCCUPATION
The majority of the local population depends on agriculture and allied activities for livelihood.Some of them have also taken to sericulture, horticulture and handicrafts besides other cottage industries including the cane and bamboo sector.Many of the Nepali people are into the dairy sector.There are also considerable numbers of Bengalis and Nepalis besides Assamese.People of other communities from India are also in Meghalaya. Most of these communities reside here for business purposes.There is also a sizeable section of people from other parts of India who do various government and company jobs in Meghalaya.
FOOD
DRESS
LANGUAGE
IMPORTANT PLACE
Shillong Peak-
10kms away from the city, this is the highest point (1965mtrs), which offers a panoramic view of the countryside.
Sohpetbneng Peak-
Against the backdrop of a green forest, the sacred peak is regarded as the 'Navel of Heaven' as per Khasi mythology. If you are seeking peace of mind, this might be your ideal retreat.
Ward's Lake-
The picturesque lake is set amid rolling flowerbeds and fairyland lighting.
Shillong Cathedral-
The beautiful church was built by the British. It is as spacious as to accommodate a few thousand worshippers.
Nartiang-
The remnants of the old capital of the Jaintia Kings lies 65kms away from Shillong. The huge monoliths and a 500 years old Durga temple are important tourist attractions in Meghalaya.
Waterfalls in Meghalaya-
Meghalaya can boast of a number of waterfalls, which emerge from the unpolluted rushing streams plunge down the steep mountains, turn twist and disappear in the jungle. Some noted waterfalls are Spread Eagle Falls, Elephant Falls, Crinoline Falls, Noh Kalikai Falls, Dain Thlen Falls, Mawsmai Falls, Imilchang Dare.
Caves in Meghalaya-
Meghalaya is dotted with numerous natural caves. Exploring the strange natural formations through murky interiors is a thrilling experience for some. The Khasi, Jaiantia and Garo Hills are replete with such caves, which are major tourist attractions in Meghalaya. Some notable caves are, Mawsmai Cave, Krem Mawmluh, The Cave of Eocene age, Krem Kotsati, Krem Umshangktat, Siju-Dobkhakol, Tetengkol-Balwakol etc.
Tripura Sundari Temple-
This temple is one of the 51 pithasthans in India as per Hindu mythology. As per mythology, Lord Vishnu had cut off the body of Mata Sati into 51 pieces by Sudarshana Chakra and all these pieces fell at different places throughout the country and these places are known as pithasthans. It is said that 'right foot' of Mata Sati fell at Matabari. This pithasthan is also known as Kurma Pith because the shape of the temple premises resembles to that of "Kurma" namely tortoise. Inside the temple, the idol of Maa Kali is kept which is made of 'reddish black Kastic pathar.' Maa Kali is worshipped in her 'Soroshi' form in this temple. There is an idol of smaller size of Maa Kali called 'Chotto Maa 'and this image used to be carried by Maharajas of Tripura during "Mrigaya" namely hunting and also during war. The temple consists of square type sanctum of the typical Bengali hut type structure with a conical dome. The temple was constructed in 1501 A.D. by the then Maharaja Dhanya Manikya. In the eastern side of the temple there is a famous Kalyan Sagar where fishes and tortoises of huge size are found and devotees feed them with "muri" and biscuits. No fishing is permitted in the Kalyan Sagar. Every year on Dewali, a famous Mela takes place near the temple which is visited by more than two lakhs pilgrims.
Neermahal-
This magnificent lake palace was constructed as a summer resort in 1930 by late Maharaja Birbikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur in the middle of a natural lake called Rudrasagar having an area of 5.35 Sq.Km. The construction was undertaken by Martin & Burn Co. and it is the only lake palace in the entire eastern India. A good combination of Hindu and Mughal architecture is noticed on the domes of the palace. There are mainly two parts of the palace - one on the western side known as Andar Mahal which was used by the royal family and another on the eastern side which was used for the security personnel and servants. There are 15 rooms in the main Andar Mahal. There is a beautiful garden laid in the western side of the palace. In the garden there is an open stage where drama, theatre, etc. use to be organised. Maharajas used to go by motor boat to the palace from Rajghat. There is a motor boat ghat inside the palace upto which the motor boat could go and there are two ,stairs at the motor boat ghat - one for Maharaja and one for Maharani. Flood lighting of the palace has been arranged in the evening. In addition, water sports facilities are being extended. The palace is going to be renovated and a museum depicting the royal life style will be set up inside the palace. In addition Light & Sound show on the historical past and cultural heritage of Tripura will be organised in the palace. In water number of migratory birds are found in the lake surrounding Neermahal.Jampui Hill-
The permanent seat of eternal spring is situated at an altitude of 3000’ above sea level. Jampui is famous for its charming landscape and bracing climate. The excellent climatic condition, green forests, beautiful orange garden, view of raising and setting sun are wonderful sight for tourists. The hill range has 11 villages inhabited by Mizo (Lushai tribes) and also by Reang tribes. Population of the hill range is about 8,000 and the main occupation of the villagers is orange cultivation. The temperature variation in the hill range is very nominal in all seasons and is ideal for the purpose of tourism. Different seasons offer different pleasures to the tourists at Jampui hill. During October to December the orange trees are laden with fruits and the entire hill range looks orange coloured. During March to May various species of orchids and other wild trees bear flowers. During rainy season the hill range is full of clouds and one can have the feeling of walking in the clouds.
Lushai Tribe-
The Lushai tribes mainly inhabited in the hill range have a very strikingly distinct cultural identity. They are quite well-off people having neat and clean houses well equipped with modern amenities. Most of them speak English fluently and follow Christianity. The sun rise and sun set in the hill range is a delight worth seeing. The natural beauty, the pleasant weather, various species of trees, orchids and orange gardens, hospitable people and rich cultural heritage makes it an ideal destination for the tourists. There is an ‘Eden’ Tourist Lodge in Vangmun village where tourists can go and stay comfortably. In addition, local people offer paying guest accommodation to the visiting tourists which enable them to closely understand the life and culture of the Lushai tribes. After withdrawal of Restricted Area Permit for the foreign nationals, the hill range is attracting a large number of foreign tourists. The highest peak of Tripura ‘Betalongchhip’ falls in this hill range which is 3600 feet high and from where tourist can see the panoramic view of Mizoram, Chittagong hill tracts and various other hill ranges of Tripura. There are good trekking routes in the hill range for tourists. State Government is planning to develop village tourism in Jampui hill and sports complex and cultural complex will be constructed shortly.
Bhuvaneswari Temple-
On the right bank of river Gomati at Udaipur is found the ruins of a big palace built by Maharaja Govinda Manikya (1660-75 A.D.). The Bhuveneswari temple is situated adjacent to this palace. It finds close literary reference in Great poet Rabindranath Tagore’s novels and drama namely ‘Bisharjan’ and ‘Rajarshi’.
FESTIVALS
Garo Hills-
Among the Garos, the most important festival is the Wangala or the Hundred-drum Festival held from Nov. to Dec. This is a harvest festival celebrated in honour of Saljong, the Sun-God of fertility. The festival marks the end of the period of toil in the fields, bringing a good yeild of crops. Everybody - young & old joins in the festivities. The men beat the drums and move forward in rhythmic union. Doregata Dance Festival is another interesting dance. In this dance, women try to knock off the turbans of their male partners, using their heads. Another dance that requires exquisite skill is the Chambil Mesara or Pomelo Dance. This is a solo dance form, in which the performer dangles a pomelo or any other fruit on a cord tied to his waist and then hurls it round & round.
Khasi Hills-
The Khasis have two important festivals - Nongkrem Dance held in Oct. / Nov. and Shad-Suk Mynsiem, held in April. Nongkrem Dance is held annually for five days together. It is a religious festival for thanksgiving to God Almighty for good harvest and to pray for peace and prosperity in the community. It is celebrated in the month of November. An important part of this festival is 'pomblang' or decapitation of the goats, offered by the subjects to the Syiem of Khyrim. The Syiem is the administrative head of the state. Offerings are made to the ancestors of the ruling clan.
Jaintia Hills-
Behdienkhlam is the most important dance festival of the Jaintias. It is celebrated after the sowing period is over. At Jowai town, this festival can be seen being celebrated in July. Youngmen make a symbolic driving away of the evil spirits by beating the roofs of every house with bamboo poles. The climax of the celebrations is the tussle, as seen in a tug-of-war, for a large undressed beam of two groups of people opposed to each other. The Jaintias have also another Dance festival for entertainment called the Laho Dance, where young men and women dance to the merriment of the audience.
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